The ancestral Niger River captured what is now the upper reaches of the Niger which once flowed into an endorheic basin to the east northeast of Timbuktu.The Rio Grande which before capture flowed into a closed basin, Lake Cabeza de Vaca, but after capture flowed into the Gulf of Mexico.
It later moved southwards again to its current position as a result of cutting through the Chiltern Hills at Goring-on-Thames, an event which created the Goring Gap.
About 450,000 years ago, an ice sheet expanding from the north pushed the course of the river southwards, forcing the Thames to cut a new mouth where the mouth of the River Blackwater, Essex now is, north of London. The River Thames in southern England originally entered the North Sea near Ipswich.The River Thames as it passes through the Goring Gap This has since been disproven in favour of findings that ancient Lake Bungunnia overflowed at Swan Reach and the current course is as a result of northward erosion. It was suggested that an uplift of the land blocked the river near the southern end of the Flinders Ranges, and the river eventually found its way to a new mouth near Lake Alexandrina. Barrier Range: It was theorised that the original course of the Murray River was to a mouth near Port Pirie where a large delta is still visible protruding into the calm waters of Spencer Gulf.The Sutlej River flowed into the current channel of the Ghaggar-Hakra River until the 13th century after which it was captured by the Indus River due to plate tectonics. Indus- Sutlej- Sarasvati- Yamuna: The Yamuna earlier flowed into the Ghaggar-Hakra River (identified with the Sarasvati River) and later changed its course due to plate tectonics.The new course dug its way through the so-called Barmah Choke and captured the lower course of the Goulburn River for 500 km (310 mi). Barmah Choke: About 25,000 years ago, an uplift of the plains near Moama on the Cadell Fault first dammed the Murray River and then forced it to take a new course.The Kaituna and Pelorus rivers, New Zealand: About 8,000 years ago, a single river was divided by sea water to form two rivers.The now-dry valley of the original stream is known as a wind gap.Ĭapture mechanisms Sea level rise The additional water flowing down the capturing stream may accelerate erosion and encourage the development of a canyon (gorge). The Maumee, flowing north-east, has broken into part of the Wabash River basin, capturing west-flowing streams and reversing their flow direction on entering it.
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